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Dark spots on the skin can happen at any time but most commonly appear in middle age. They are most often a result of cumulative exposure to sunlight or artificial ultraviolet (UV) light used in tanning beds.1 Dark spots can occur on the face or other areas that are often exposed to the sun. The spots are also associated with certain skin conditions and can be a side effect of some medications. Dark spots are generally harmless, but there are times when they could be cancerous. That's why it's important to check with a healthcare provider if you notice new symptoms. Even when the spots aren't dangerous, if they bother you, they can often be lightened or removed. Spots on the skin can range from light to dark brown or black. They are flat and generally oval-shaped.
Dark spots are the result of the overproduction or collection of melanin, a skin pigment that makes skin darker. They can also result from damage from free radicals, which are unstable molecules that attack healthy cells and eventually cause skin to appear aged. The sun and tanning beds are the most significant cause of dark spots. Hyperpigmentation often appears during middle age. That's when the skin starts to show the consequences of sun exposure. This is especially true if you didn't use sunscreen and other sun-protective measures consistently earlier in life.
Dark spots don't hurt, and they have the same texture as the rest of your skin. Most of the time, they don't pose any health risks. So you don't have to get rid of them, although some people choose to for cosmetic reasons. Some dark spots, such as ones caused by acne, may fade on their own over time. Others can be faded or removed completely with topical treatments, but these may require several months of use. Cosmetic procedures such as cryosurgery, laser treatment, and chemical peels can remove dark spots entirely, but may not be an option for people with sensitive skin.
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